Hearings are informal by design and usually short, often under an hour. They may be in person at a hearing office, by video, or by telephone.
The judge’s questions
Expect to be asked about your work history and what those jobs physically involved; your conditions and treatment; what you can still do: lifting, standing, sitting, walking, stairs, reaching, concentrating; and what an ordinary day looks like from waking to going to bed, including who helps you and with what.
The vocational expert
This is the part that decides many cases and that almost nobody anticipates. The vocational expert is asked hypothetical questions: assume a person of this age, with this education and this work background, who can do only this much: are there jobs such a person could do, and how many exist. If the expert identifies work, the claim is likely refused. If the limitations described rule out all work, it is likely allowed.
The whole case can turn on how those hypothetical limitations are framed, and on whether the expert’s answers are tested. That is the single strongest practical argument for having a representative there.
When you get a decision
Rarely on the day. The decision arrives in writing afterwards.